প্রয়াস ২০১০ (২য় শিফট): প্রয়াস ২০০৯/২০১০

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Ggb mgq ixgv eyw×`xßZvi mv‡_ PUcU Reve w`j-Òm¨vi wUwf‡Z GLb bRi“j Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ KweZv, Mvb BZ¨vw` cÖPvi Ki‡e‡Zv ZvB........| ZLb m¨vi ej‡jb-ÒwVK Av‡Q, †Zvgv‡`i QywU w`‡Z cvwi hw` †Zvgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡K bRi“‡ji GKwU KweZv Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi|Ó mnR kZ©, wKš‘ †`Lv †Mj Kv‡iviB GKwU KweZvI g‡b Av‡mbv| †cQ‡bi w`‡K †P‡q †`wL Avgiv 4/5 Rb Qvov Avi †KD †bB| Ae¯’v †eMwZK †`‡L Iiv mU‡K c‡o‡Q| Z‡Zv¶‡Y †nWm¨vi ¯‹z‡ji Ab¨ m¨vi‡`i‡KI gRv †`Lvi Rb¨ †W‡K cvwV‡q‡Qb|

Pviw`K hLb _g_‡g ZLb mywg MoMo K‡i e‡j †h‡Z jvM‡jv-Ò‡fvi nj †`vi †Lvj, LyKzgwY DV‡iÕ (†hUv Avgiv K¬vm Iqv‡b c‡owQjvg)| Ii KweZv †kl n‡Z bv n‡ZB cwj ïi“ Kij-Ò`~M©g wMwi Kvš—vi gi“, `y¯—i cvivevi, jw•N‡Z n‡e ÔivwÎÕ wbkx‡_ ÔhvÎxivÕ ûwkqviÓ| ïi“ n‡jv m¨vi‡`i nvwm|

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AvRI H NUbv g‡b co‡j Lye nvwm cvq|

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gvbyl m„wói †miv Rxe G‡Z †Kvb m‡›`‡ni AeKvk †bB| gvbyl ïaygvÎ Zvi AZ¨vðh© gw¯—‡®‹i Kj¨v‡YB Ávb AR©‡bi ¸i“`vwqZ¡wU wbR nv‡Z wb‡q‡Q| g~jZ wb‡Ri wPš—vkw³‡K eyS‡Z †Póv Kivi Rb¨B gvbyl M‡o Zz‡j‡Q weÁv‡bi GKwU bZzb kvLv ÔArtificial IntelligenceÕ- K…wÎg eyw×gËv| ZvB ÔArtificial IntelligenceÕ ev AI wb‡q M‡elYvi gv‡bB n‡”Q wb‡R‡K AviI fvjfv‡e eyS‡Z †kLv|

K…wÎg eyw×gËv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z †M‡j cÖ_‡gB cÖkœ Av‡m eyw×gËv wK? Awfav‡bi fvlv‡Z ejv hvq- Rvbv, †evSv I wPš—v Kivi ¶gZv‡K ejv nq eyw×| Bw›`ªq †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨‡K hyw³ Øviv we‡klb K‡i wm×v‡š— †cuvQv‡bvi ¶gZv I mgm¨v mgvavb Kiv eyw×gËvi GKwU we‡kl w`K| Avevi cwieZ©bkxj cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q †bevi ¶gZv‡K I eyw×I Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨ wn‡m‡e wPb&wnZ K‡i‡Qb A‡bK weÁvbx|

weÁv‡bi AMÖhvÎvi GKwU ch©v‡q gvbyl fve‡e, gw¯—®‹ wKfv‡e KvR K‡i Zv hw` e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq Z‡e wbðqB eyw× w`‡q KvR K‡I Ggb hš¿I GKw`b Avwe®‹vi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| gvby‡li wRÁvmy g‡bi ¶zav †gUv‡Z M‡o D‡V‡Q K…wÎg eyw×gËvi †¶ÎwU, †hLv‡b M‡elYv Kiv nq Ggb ZË¡ wb‡q hv gvby‡li wPš—v c×wZ‡K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cv‡i| Aek¨ AwZ AvaywbKKv‡j AI ej‡Z Kw¤úDUvi wfwËK MwYZ I hyw³i mvnv‡h¨ eyw×gËv‡K we‡klY Kiv †evSvq| ZvB AI †K eZ©gv‡b Computer Science- Gi GKwU kvLv wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv hvq| AI Gi Dci M‡elYv GLb `yÕwU avivq Avjv`vfv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q|

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M‡elYvi wØZxq avivq AI-‡K msÁvwqZ Kiv nq hyw³‡eva Øviv †hLv‡b gvbweK Av‡eM‡K eyw×I †Kvb Ask wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv nq bv GB †¶‡Î M‡elYvi Ab¨Zg j¶¨ n‡jv Ggb GKwU K…wÎg mËv ˆZwi Kiv hv cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv‡Ëi Ici wfwË K‡i cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨ wb‡R‡K Lvc LvB‡q mwVK wm×vš— wb‡q h_vh_fv‡e †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ ev¯—evqb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

AI-Gi aviYv bZzb n‡jI Gi cÖwZôvi †cQ‡b KvR K‡i‡Q nvRvi eQi a‡i AMwYZ weÁvbxi `k©b I M‡elYv| AI-Gi wfwË cÖwZôvi †¶‡Î GKRb Ab¨Zg AMÖ`~Z wQ‡jb MÖxK `vk©wbwK GwióUj| Zvui weL¨vZ ÒSyllogismÓ-eBwU‡Z Avgiv wKQy cÖv_wgK hyw³i e¨envi †`L‡Z cvB| ‡hgb- wb‡æi `yÕwU evK¨ j¶¨ Kwit

Socrates is a man

All man are mortal.

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eZ©gvb mf¨Zvi DrKl© mva‡b AI-Gi Ag~j¨ Ae`vb Ae‡jvKb K‡i Avgiv mn‡RB AI-Gi D¾¡j fwel¨r‡K Abyfe Kwi| eZ©gv‡b AI-‡K M‡elYvi me‡P‡q m¤¢vebvgq †¶Î wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv n‡”Q| AI- m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡”Q t ÒField I Would most like to be inÓ.

K…wÎg eyw×gËvi fwel¨r iƒc Kx n‡e Zv wb‡q Gi gv‡SB A‡bK cÖkœ Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q gvby‡li g‡b| hw` Avgiv a‡i †bB †h‡Kvb GKw`b gvby‡li b¨vq eyw×gvb hš¿ ˆZwi n‡e, ZLb gvby‡li mv‡_ Zv‡`i m¤ú‡K©i iƒcwU †Kgb n‡e? Zv‡`i m‡½u AvPiY wK `v‡mi gZ n‡e? bvwK Zv‡`i‡K gvby‡li mgvb AwaKvi †`qv n‡e? Kx n‡e hw` Zviv gvby‡li we‡ivwaZv ïi“ K‡i, Kx NU‡e hw` Zviv gvby‡li †P‡qI eyw×gvb n‡q I‡V Ges GK mgq gvbyl‡K civwRZ K‡i wb‡RivB m„ó RM‡Zi †miv wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i?

weÁvb KíKvwnbxi †jL‡Ki Kv‡Q Gme m¤¢vebv M‡íi DrKl©gq cU wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e eZ©gv‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U Gme wb‡q `ywðš—v bv K‡i mywbw`©ófv‡e M‡elYv Pvwj‡q hvIqvB †kªq|

m~Î t Artificial Intelligence

A Modern Approach.

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# `~wlZ evqyi ms¯ú‡k© †h me †ivM n‡Z cv‡i t

K. gv_v e¨v_v, L. †PvL R¡vjv Kiv, M. Mjv e¨v_v, N. nuvcvbx, O. k¦vm Kó, P. ü`‡ivM, Q. i³víZv, R. gvbwmK AmyL, S. †Pv‡Li AmyL, T. wKWbxi AmyL, U. K¨vÝvi, V. dzmdz‡mi wewfbœ RwUjZv BZ¨vw`|

U.S. Environmental protection agency. National Emissions Report.

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# evqy `~lK M¨vm ¸‡jv wbæiƒct

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# evqy `~lK Ab¨vb¨ c`v_©

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evqy `~l‡bi Ab¨Zg Av‡iKwU KviY n‡jv Mvwo †_‡K wbM©Z Kv‡jv †avqA| wPwKrmvwe` I cwi‡ek we‡kò mevB GKgZ †h, hvbevnb †_‡K †avqvu ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ gvZ¥K ¶wZKi KviY| Rxeb NvwZ GB bxie mš¿v‡mi Kvi‡Y Mf©eZx gv‡qi mš—vb c½y‡Z¡ cwiYZ nIqv QvovI bMixi †h †Kvb gvbyl †h †Kvb gyû‡Z©B Amy¯’ GgbwK g„Zz¨ eiY Ki‡Z cv‡i| GQvov †PvL R¡vjv†cvov, gv_vaiv, ¶zavg›`v, Ny‡gi mgm¨v, dzmdz‡mi RwUj e¨vwa mn bvbvwea †iv‡M cÖwZwbqZ Avµvš— n‡”Q|

`~lYgy³ evqy Qvov Gme e¨vwa †_‡K gyw³i Avi †Kvb weKí e¨e¯’v †bB| we‡klÁiv g‡b K‡ib †h †Kvb cÖKv‡iB †nvK, cÖwZwU kni‡K evqy `~lYgy³ I Gi cwi‡ek ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb miKvi, hvbevnb PvjK, gvwjKmn mswkó me©¯—‡ii gvby‡li m‡PZbZv|

evqy `~l‡Yi Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbv n‡Z Rvbv †Mj Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b evqyi KZ cÖ‡qvRb| Avi `~wlZ evqy Øviv Avgv‡`i KZ Ac~iYxq ¶wZ mvwaZ n‡”Q| `~wlZ evqy I ay‡jvevwj Øviv ïay gvbylB ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡”Q bv, eis Ab¨vb¨ RxRš‘I mgvb ¶wZi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q|

ag© welqK

Bmjvg I gvbevwaKvi

‡gvt Lv‡j` Avng`

‡ivj bs- 95

Pviw`‡K AvR gvbevwaKv‡ii †¯vMvb| wK K‡i gvby‡li AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv qvq ZvB wb‡q AvR mevB e¨¯—| wKš‘ ev¯—e mZ¨ nj hviv gvbevwaKvi wb‡q me‡P‡q †ewk wPrKvi w`‡”Q ZvivB me‡P‡q †ewk gvbevwaKvi j½b Ki‡Q| myZivs cÖPwjZ cš’vq †h gvbevwaKvi i¶v Kiv m¤¢e bq Zv AvR w`ev‡jv‡Ki gZ ¯úó| Bmjvg `j, gZ wbwe©‡k‡l †h gvbevwaKvi w`‡q‡Q Zv c„w_exi †Kvb ag© ev gZev` w`‡Z cv‡iwb| Bmjvg gvby‡li AwaKvi msi¶‡Yi †h wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Q Zv wb‡æ ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj|

gvZv-wcZvi nKmg~n t

1. Zv‡`i‡K †Kvb Kó w`‡e bv, Ggb wK Zv‡`i c_ †_‡K †Kvb evovevwo n‡jI bv|

2. K_vq I Kv‡R Zv‡`i m¤§vb Ki‡e|

3. kixqZ mgw_©Z welqmg~‡n Zv‡`i AvbyMZ Ki‡e|

4. Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb n‡j A_© w`‡q Zv‡`i †L`gZ Ki‡e, GgbwK Zviv Agymwjg n‡jI|

mš—v‡bi nKmg~n t

1. †bKKvi bvix weevn Ki‡e †hb mymš—vb Rb¥ nq|

2. wkï Kv‡j Zv‡`i Av`i h‡Zœ mv‡_ cÖwZcvjb Ki‡e|

3. Zv‡`i‡K `xbx Bj&g I Av`e wk¶v w`‡e|

4. weev‡ni Dchy³ n‡j Zv‡`i‡K weevn Kiv‡e|

AvZ¥xq-¯^R‡bi nKmg~n t

1. wb‡Ri gvnivg AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb Afvex n‡j Ges DcvR©‡b A¶g n‡j Rxeb aviY cwigvY Zv`‡i fiY-‡cvl‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv IqvwRe|

2. gv‡S gv‡S Zv‡`i mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki‡e|

3. Zv‡`i mv‡_ AvZ¥xqZvi m¤úK© wQbœ Ki‡e bv|

¯^vgx-¯¿xi nKmg~n t

¯^vgxi `vwq‡Z¡ ¯¿xi nKmg~n-

1. wb‡Ri mvg_©¨ Abymv‡i ¯¿xi fiY †cvl‡bi e¨e¯’v Ki‡e|

2. Zv‡K Øxbx gvmAvjvmg~n wk¶v w`‡e Ges †bK Avg‡ji ZvwK` w`‡e|

3. Zvui gvnig AvZ¥xq-¯^R‡bi m‡½ gv‡S gv‡S mv¶vr Ki‡Z w`‡e|

¯¿xi `vwq‡Z¡ ¯^vgxi nKmg~n-

1. cwic~Y© iƒ‡c ¯^vgxi AbyMZ _vK‡e|

2. Zvui mvg‡_©¨i AwaK Zvui Kv‡Q wKQz PvB‡e bv|

3. AbygwZ Qvov ¯^vgxi m¤ú` e¨q Ki‡e bv|

kvmK I kvwm‡Zi nKmg~n t

kvm‡Ki `vwq‡Z¡ nKmg~n-

1. kvwm‡Zi Dci KwVb wb‡`©k cÖ‡qvM Ki‡e bv|

2. b¨vq wePvi Ges Bbmvd Kv‡qg Ki‡e|

3. ‡gŠwjK AwaKvi i¶vi e¨ve¯’v Ki‡e|

kvwm‡Zi `vwq‡Z¡ nKmg~n-

1. kvm‡Ki Kj¨vY Kvgbv I AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡e| Z‡e kixqZ we‡ivax Kv‡R AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡e bv|

2. kvm‡Ki c¶ †_‡K †Kvb my‡hvM myweav †c‡j K…ZÁZv cÖKvk Ki‡e|

3. Kz-cÖe„wËi cÖ‡ivPbvq kvm‡Ki Aeva¨ n‡e bv|

cÖwZ‡ekxi nKmg~n t

1. cÖwZ‡ekxi m‡½ m`q I mnvbyf~wZi AvPiY Ki‡e|

2. Zvi cwievi cwiR‡bi gvb-m¤§v‡bi †ndvRZ Ki‡e|

3. gv‡S gv‡S Zvui evwo‡Z nvw`qv, Dc‡UŠKb cvVv‡e|

BqvZxg I `~e©j‡`i nKmg~n t

1. Zv‡`i‡K Avw_©K fv‡e mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|

2. wbR nv‡Z Zv‡`i KvR K‡i w`‡e|

3. Zv‡`i g‡bviÄb I mvš—bv w`‡e|

‡gngvb‡`i nKmg~n t

1. †gngvb‡K nvwmgy‡L eiY Ki‡e Ges hvIqvi mgq Kg c‡¶ `iRv ch©š— mv‡_ hv‡e|

2. webq, bgª I f`ª AvPiY Ki‡e Ges ¯^n‡¯— Zvui †mev Ki‡e|

3. wb‡Ri mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx DËg Avnv‡ii e¨e¯’v Ki‡e|

Agymwj‡gi nKmg~n t

1. †Kvb wb‡`©vl †jv‡Ki Rvb gv‡ji ¶wZ Ki‡e bv|

2. kixqZm¤§Z KviY Qvov Kv‡iv mv‡_ SMov Ki‡e bv|

3. wec`-Avc` ev †iv‡M Avµvš— n‡j Zvui mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|

Rxe-Rš‘i nKmg~n t

1. †h Rxe †_‡K †Kvb DcKvi cvIqv hvq bv Zv‡K Ah_v e›`x Ki‡e bv|

2. DcKvix †Kvb Rxe‡KI wbQK kL cyi‡Yi Rb¨ nZ¨v Ki‡e bv|

3. ‡h Rxe‡K RevB Ki‡e A_ev Kó`vqK nIqvi Rb¨ nZ¨v Ki‡e Zv‡K auviv‡jv A¯¿ w`‡q KvR †kl Ki‡e|

myZivs Avgiv hw` Bmjvg wb‡`©wkZ nKmg~n cy‡ivcywi Av`vq Kwi Zvn‡j Bbkv Avjvn my›`i I kvwš—c~Y© mgvR cÖwZwôZ n‡e|

mnvqK cÖš’ t ûKzKzj Bmjvg-nvKxgyj D¤§Z Avkivd Avjx _vbfx (it)

ag© Rxeb

gyÕwg‡bi †bK Avgj aŸsm K‡i †`q-

Òmy‡`i e¨emvÓ

gynv¤§` idxKzÏxb ZvjyK`vi (Ry‡qj)

‡ivj bs t 174

gnvMÖš’ Avj-KziAv‡b Ômy`Õ‡K nvivg Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi- c‡iI gvbyl Zv Abvqv‡m MÖnY K‡i Pj‡Q| my‡`i gva¨‡g e¨w³i mKj Bev`Z e‡›`Mx, `vb mv`Kv mn mKj †bK Avgj mg~n aŸsm n‡”Q †m e¨vcv‡i †hb Zvi †Kvb gv_v e¨v_v †bB| G Kvi‡YB mZK©Zvi Rb¨ Avgvi wb‡æi Av‡jvPbv|

gnvb Avjvn Zvqvjv cweÎ KziAv‡b †Nvlbv K‡i‡Qb-Òe¨emv‡K nvjvj Kiv n‡jv Avi my`‡K nvivg Kiv n‡jvÓ| (myiv Avj evKviv, AvqvZ-276)| gnvMÖš’ Avj-KziAv‡b my‡`i e¨vcv‡i mvZ Gi AwaK AvqvZ I PwjkwUiI †ewk mnxn nv`x‡m ¯úó nvivg-wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLb cweÎ KziAv‡bi GKwU Avqv‡Zi w`‡K j¶¨Yxq-‡hLv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q Òhviv Avjvni-bvwhjK…Z weavb Abyhvqx wePvi dqmvjv K‡I bv Zviv Kv‡di- wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| hw` †KD KziAv‡bi GKwU AvqvZ Agvb¨ K‡i-‡m Kv‡d‡i cwiMwYZ nq| Zvn‡j hviv my` LvIqv eÜ- bv K‡i Avjvni KziAv‡bi IB mg¯— AvqAZ¸‡jv‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i P‡j‡Qb| Zviv wKfv‡e gymjgvb _v‡Kb? cwic~Y© gymjgvb nIqvi c~e©kZ© n‡jv wZwb Bmjv‡gi- c~Y©v½fv‡e cÖ‡ek Ki‡eb? hw` †KD Bmjv‡gi myweavg~j welq¸‡jv MÖnY K‡ib| Avi KwVb I KóKi welq ¸‡jv AeÁv I Agvb¨ K‡ib, Zvn‡j Zvi cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© Avjvn Zvqvjv myiv evKvivq e‡jb, Òhw` †Zvgv‡`i †KD KziAv‡bi GK Ask gvb¨ K‡i I Ab¨ Ask f~‡j hvq ev Agvb¨ K‡i- Zvn‡j Zv‡K `ywbqvq jvTbv MÄbv Acgv‡bi Rxeb †`qv n‡e Avi ciKv‡j Zv‡K KwVb AvRv‡e cvKovI Kiv n‡e|Ó myZivs cÖZxqgvb nq †h, gymjgvb n‡Z n‡j Aek¨B Zv‡K KziAv‡bi cÖwZwU Av‡`k wb‡la †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e| my` wbwl× wel‡qi g‡a¨ D‡jL‡hvM¨ GKwU| my` †Kej- Bmjvg a‡g© wbwl× ZvB bq| Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©I my`‡K wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb-L„óa‡g© my` m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q-Ò‡h e¨w³ my` I my‡`i e„w× wb‡q ab evovq Zvi mKj cÖv_©bv N„bvi m‡½ cÖZ¨vL¨vZ|Ó Ab¨ RvqMvq ejv n‡q‡Q-Ò‡Kvb e¨w³ hw` avwg©K nq, my‡`i †jv‡f FY bv †`q, Z‡e †m e¨w³ avwg©K, †m Aek¨B evPu‡e| Av‡iv ejv n‡q‡Q,Fb `vI, wewbg‡q wKQy cÖZ¨vkv K‡iv bv|Ó `vk©wbK- G¨vwi‡÷vUj Zvui ÔcwjwU·Õ MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ D‡jL K‡i‡Qb,- my` n‡jv mgv‡Ri me‡P‡q wb›`bxq KvR| _gvm e‡jb,-my` n‡jv GK cÖKvi AwePvi| wn›`y a‡g©I Ab¨Zg cÖvY cyi“l ÔgbyÕ e‡jb, †Kvb D”P e‡Y©i eªvþYI hw` my` Lvq Zvn‡j Zvi mv‡_ wbæe‡Y©i k~‡i gZ AvPiY Ki‡e| wn›`y a‡g©i ag©xq MÖš’ cyiv‡Y ejv n‡q‡Q- wPwKrlm¨ wf‡¶vð Z_v eva©ywlKm¨ P, cvlÛm¨ ˆbevbœs fywÄZ bv w¯—Km¨ PÕ A_©¨vr wPwKrmK, wf¶zK, my`‡Lvi, cvlÛ I bvw¯—‡Ki Abœ f¶Y Ki‡e bv| GLv‡b D‡jL †h, my`‡K wn›`y kv‡¯¿ GZUvB N„Yvi `„wó‡Z †`Lv n‡q‡Q †h, Zvi evwo‡Z f¶Y Ki‡iI wb‡la Kiv n‡q‡Q| mgvRZ‡š¿I cÖe³v Kvj©gvK©mI my` I my`‡Lvi‡`i Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv I N„bvi †Pv‡L †`‡L‡Qb Ges e‡j‡Qb, my`‡Lvi‡`i kvw¯— cÖnvi I Zv‡`i m¤úwË ev‡Rqvß Kivi| Ggwbfv‡e †eŠ×ag© I Bû`x ag©mn mKj ag© Ges ag© we‡kÁ‡`i Awfe¨w³i gva¨‡g my` wbwl× nIqvi welqwU cwi®‹vi fv‡e D”PvwiZ n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i wcÖq bexRx (mt) whwb gymjgvb‡`i m‡e©vËg Av`k©| wZwb Avgv‡`i Rb¨ G wel‡q wK ev¯—e wb`k©b †i‡L wM‡q‡Qb| nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z, Avjvni bex (mt) e‡j‡Qb- wgiv‡Ri †h iv‡Î Avgv‡K hLb Rvbœv‡Z wb‡q hvIqv nw”Qj- ZLb Avwg wKQy †jvK‡`i‡K †`Ljvg, hv‡`I †cU N‡Ui gZ Ges evB‡i †_‡K †`Lv hvw”Qj Zv‡`i †cU¸‡jv mv‡c cwic~Y©| Avwg wReªvBj (Avt) †K wRÁvmv Kijvg, Giv Kviv? wReªvBj (Avt) Avgv‡K ej‡jb, Giv H mKj †jvK, hviv `ywbqvq my`‡LZ (Be‡b LvRvn)| Aci nv`x‡m ejv n‡q‡Q- my‡`i mËi cÖKvi †Mvbvn& Av‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ †QvU †Mvbvn& n‡jv wb‡Ri Avcb gv‡qi mv‡_ e¨wfPvi Ki (Be‡b gvRvn, ivqnvKx)| nhiZ- Avãyjvn Be‡b nvbRvjv (ivt) eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, ivmyjyjvn& (mt) e‡j‡Qb, †Kvb e¨w³ hw` GK w`invg my` ÁvZmv‡i MÖnY K‡i Zvn‡j Zv QwÎkevi e¨wfPvi Kivi †P‡q I KwVb †Mvbvn, Zvi bv‡g †jLv n‡e| (gymiv‡` Avng`, †gkKvZ)| ivmyj (mt) e‡j‡Qb,- Pvi cÖKvi †jvK‡`i Avjvn Rvbœv‡Z hvIqvi Rb¨ †Kvb cÖKvi AbygwZ †bB| 1. hviv g` cvb K‡i, 2. hviv Ab¨vqfv‡e BqvwZ‡gi gvj MÖnY K‡i, 3. hviv gvZv-wcZvi Aeva¨, 4. hviv my`‡Lvi ev my`x Kviev‡i RwoZ|

nhiZ Avbvg (ivt) eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, hw` Zzwg †Kvb †jvK‡K FY `vI Ges †m †Zvgv‡K GK‡ejv LvIqvi Rb¨ Aby‡iva K‡i, Z‡e Zvi evwo‡Z Lv‡e bv, KviY GwU my`| wKš‘ hw` †m †Zvgv‡K aY †bIqvi Av‡M LvIqvi Avgš¿Y Rvbvq, Zvn‡j †L‡Z cvi (ivqnvKx)| ivmyj (mt) e‡j‡Qb- Ò‡Kvb e¨w³ hw` Kv‡iv avi ev Kvh© cÖ`vb K‡i †mB avi MÖnYKvixi wbKU n‡Z †Kvb cÖKvi Dcnvi mvgMÖx MÖnY Kiv hv‡e bv (mnxn eyLvix)| nhiZ Avey Dmgvn (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z- gnvbex (mt) e‡j‡Qb, †h e¨w³ Avcb fvB‡qi Rb¨ mycvwik K‡i Ges Zvi wewbg‡q †Kvb Dcnvi MÖnb K‡i , †m †hb †Kvb GK `iRv wb‡q my‡`I g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Kij (Avey `vD`, †gkKvZ)| ivmyj (mt) e‡j‡Qb, hw` †Kn my‡`i †jb‡`b K‡i Z‡e Zvi cwiYwZ jvÃbv Qvov Avi wKQyB n‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvQvov we`vq n‡R¡i fvl‡bi mgq gnvbex (mt) e‡j‡Qb-ÒAvR‡Ki w`e‡m mKj cÖKvi my` iwnZ Kiv n‡jv| me© cÖ_g Avgvi PvPv Avãyjvn Be‡b AveŸvm Gi my` iwnZ Kiv n‡jv| ivmyj (mt) Gi GB †NvlYvi ci DgvBqv I AveŸvmxq †Ljvd‡Zi ciI cÖvq bqkZ eQi ch©š— Aa© c„w_ex‡Z my‡`i †Kvb Aw¯—Z¡ wQj bv| Zvi ci ax‡i ax‡i GB my‡`i welev®ú `ywbqv e¨vcx Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q| my` †Lvi‡`i †evSv DwPZ †h‡nZz my` nvivg Gi gva¨‡g DcvwR©Z A_©I nvivg| Zviv Zv †L‡q hZB Zviv Bev`Z e‡›`Mx Ki“K bv †Kb, †Kvb Bev`Z Keyj n‡e bv| ZvQvov ciKv‡j Avjvni mvg‡b Revew`wnZvi gb gvbwmKZv wb‡q mevB hw` Avgiv Pj‡Z cvwi Zvn‡j Aek¨B my‡`i Awfkvc n‡Z gy³ n‡q Avgiv AvjvnZvqvjvi wcÖq ev›`v nIqvi †mŠfvM¨ AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡ev| Avjvn Avgv‡`i‡K mwVK Dcjw× `vb Ki“b| (Avwgb)

Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z gvZ…fvlv PP©vi Myi“Z¡

gynv¤§` Rqbyj Bmjvg

‡ivj bs- 131

gvbyl g‡bi fve cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ fvlv e¨envi K‡i _v‡K| c„w_ex‡Z gvby‡li †h w`b Avwefv©e N‡U‡Q †m w`b †_‡KB Zvi gy‡L dz‡U D‡V‡Q G fvlv| cÖ_g m„ó gvbe- gvbex nhiZ Av`g I nvIqv c„w_ex‡Z fvlv enb K‡i wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb| Kvjµ‡g gvby‡li esk e„w× I we¯Z…wZ NU‡Q Ges †`k-Kvj I mgvR weeZ©‡bi Kv‡j Zv‡`i fvlvqI G‡m‡Q bvbvwewa cwieZ©b I weeZ©b| Gfv‡e c„w_ex‡Z Kv‡j Kv‡j wewfbœ fvlvi D™¢e N‡U‡Q| Avevi †Kvb †Kvb fvlv Kv‡ji AveZ©‡bi wbt†kl n‡q †M‡Q| Avjvn Zvqvjv fvlv cÖms‡M e‡j‡QbÑÒGes Zvi wb`k©bvejxi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q AvKvkgÛjx I c„w_exi m„wó Ges †Zvg‡`i fvlv I e‡Yi ˆewPÎ| G‡Z Ávbx‡`i Rb¨ Aek¨B wb`k©b i‡q‡Q| (myiv i“g-22)

c„w_exi cÖwZwU RvwZ-‡Mvwôi gvby‡li GKwU wbR¯^ fvlv Av‡Q| †mwU Zvi gvZ…fvlv|GB fvlvi gva¨‡gB gvbyl ci¯ú‡ii wbKU g‡bi fve, Av‡eM- Abyf~wZ cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K| fv‡ei Av`b-cÖ`v‡bi Ab¨Zg evnb n‡jv fvlv| gvZ…fvlv Qvov †Kvb wKQy Mfxifv‡e ü`q½g Kiv hvq bv| fvlvi gva¨‡gB e¨w³i we`¨v-eyw×, m‡e©vcwi Rxe‡bi cwic~Y©Zv weKvk jvf K‡i| cÖwZwU Rbc‡`i cÖwZwU fvlvB Avjvni `vb| Avi †m Rb¨ Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z mKj fvlvB mgvb ¸i“‡Z¡i `vwe`vi| †Kbbv †Kvb wb`„ó fvlv‡K Bmjvgx fvlv Avi Ab¨vb¨ fvlv‡K Avjvn‡K WvK‡jB wZwb †kv‡bb Ges †ev‡Sb Zvui wb‡æv³ Avnev‡b †Kvb wbw`©ó fvlvi D‡jL †bB| †hgb ejv n‡q‡Q:

Ò‡Zgiv Avgv‡K WvK: Avwg †Zvgv‡`i Wv‡K mvov †`e| (m~iv Mv‡di:60) Ab¨Î Avjvn e‡jb ÒmyZivs †Zvgiv Avgv‡KB ¯§iY Ki, Avwg †Zvgv‡`i‡K ¯§iY Ki‡evÓ| (m~iv Zvkivn-152)

ivm~j (mvt) we`vq n‡¾i fvl‡b e‡j‡Qb ÒAbvie‡`I Dci Avie‡`i we‡kl †Kvb †kªôZ¡ †bB| mKj gvbyl-B Av`‡gi mš—vb Avi Av`g gvwUi m„wóÓ| (gymbv‡` Avng`)

KziAvb I nv`x‡mi Dc‡iv³ D×„wZ n‡Z cÖZxqgvb nq †h, mKj fvlvB mgvb Ges mKj fvlvB Bmjvg Aby‡gvw`Z|

gvZ…fvlv wk¶v, PP©v Ges Gi DrKl© mva‡b Bmjvg LyeB ¸i“Z¡v‡ivc K‡i‡Q| gvbe m„wói g~j D‡×k¨ n‡jv, Avjvni Bev`Z Kiv| Avjvn †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb-ÒAvwg m„wó K‡i‡Q Rxb I gvbyl‡K G Rb¨ †h Zviv Avgvi-B Bev`Z Ki‡e| (m~iv Ave-hvwiqvZ: 56)

GLv‡b ejv nqwb †Kvb fvlvq Bev`Z Ki‡Z n‡e| Avjvni mxgvnxb wbqvg‡Zi ïKwiqv Av`vqc~e©K webqwP‡Ë Zvui cÖwZ AvZ¥mgc©b Kivi bvg-B Bev`Z| Avi wc‡Ri fvlvi gva¨‡gB gvbyl cÖvY Ly‡j GB AvZ¥mgc©Y I ïKwiqv Av`v‡q ¯^v”Q›`¨ †eva K‡i| GQvovI mKj Kvgbv-evmbv, Av‡e`b cÖvY Ly‡j cÖKvk Kiv hvq G fvlv‡ZB|

KziAvb mn mKj Avmgvbx MÖš’ ¯^-¯^ RvwZi wbR¯^ flvq AeZxY© n‡q‡Q| †hgb: ÔZvIivZÕ wneª“ fvlvq ÔBbwRjÕ mywiqvbx fvlvq ÔRveyiÕ BDbvbx fvlvq Avi †KviAv‡bi Av‡jŠwKKZvi Kvi‡Y gvnbex (mvt) Gi gvZ…fvlvq Zv AeZxY© n‡q‡Q| Bnv meR©bwew`Z| Bnv‡Z eySv hvq †h cÖ‡Z¨K ¯^-RvwZi fvlvq hw` Avjvni wb‡`©kbvejx bv AvmZ Zvn‡j bex-ivmyj‡`i c‡¶ Zv‡`i D¤§Z‡`i A‰bmjvwmK fvlv g‡b Kivi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB, †h †Kvb fvlv‡K mwVK c‡_ wb‡q Avm‡Z LyeB Kó nZ| Zvn‡j eySv †Mj mwVK †evS kw³ Rb¨ gvZ…fvlvi ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg|

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Av‡jvwKZ gvbyl KvjRqx mvwnwZ¨K gynv¤§` b~i“j nK

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†ivj bs- 106

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Z_¨m~Î t wek¦bv_ WvB‡R÷

wkï‡`i cÖwZ nhiZ gynv¤§` (mvt) Gi fvjevmv

†gvnv¤§` Avãyj Iqvwn`

‡ivj bs 14

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Wv³vi : wKš—y Avgvi wd ?

‡ivMx : IUv Avwg Av‡¯— Av‡¯— w`‡q ‡`e|

mygv ivYx P›`

‡ivj bs Ñ 199

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GB wPwVUv n‡e GiKgÑ

ÔÔ GB eywS wQj †Zvgvi Kcv‡j ?

Avgvi cv ev‡Z dzwjqv wMqv‡Q|

DVvbUv R‡j Wyweqv wMqv‡Q|

eo †LvKv ¯‹z‡j †h‡Z Pvq bv|

QvMj QvbvUv Nvm bv LvBqv wSgvB‡Z‡Q|

Kwi‡gi PvPv `vwo KvwU‡Z wMqv Mvj KvwUqv‡Q|

Mi“Uv `yB ‡mi `ya †`q|

eo eD cÖme †e`bvq fywM‡Z‡Q|

Wv³vi mv‡ne Jla w`qv hvB‡Z‡Qb|

GgZve¯’vq Zzwg AvwmI|

bv Avwm‡j, Amš‘ó nBe|ÕÕ

SzgKx ivq

wm.Bb.GW.‡ivj Ñ 201

evYx (evYx wPiš—b)

gvngy`v †eMg

‡ivj bsÑ 163

· A‡Ái c‡¶ bxieZvB n‡”Q me‡P‡q DËg cš’v| GUv hw` mevB Rvb‡Zv Zvn‡j †KD AÁ nZ bv| Ñ‡kL mv`x

· Kg© ZrciZv g‡bi cweÎZv I DËg e¨env‡ii Øviv c„w_ex‡K ¯^‡M©i mgvb K‡i †Zvjv hvq| ÑDBwjqvg DB›Uvi

· djevb e„¶ Avi ¸Yevb †jvK Avcbv †_‡KB bZ nq| ïK‡bv KvV Avi g~L© †f‡½ `yg‡o hvq wKš‘ bZ nq bv| Ñfef~wg

· `qvi Øviv †h m¤úK© M‡o I‡V Zv AvZ¥xqZvi m¤úK© A‡c¶v A‡bK †ekx gReyZ|

Ñ nhiZ Avjx (it)

†h ch©š— Zzwg wb‡Ri †PvL‡K nvivg e¯‘i cÖwZ `„wócvZ n‡Z weiZ Ki‡Z bv cvi‡e †m ch©š— cvc n‡Z AvZ¥i¶v Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| Ñ Bgvg Mv¾vwj (it)

· hviv gy‡Lvk c‡i †`‡ki †mevq GwM‡q Av‡m, Zviv me‡P‡q eo †`k‡`ªvnx| Ñ Ugvm gyi

· GKwU ¶z`ª cvcB cv‡i A‡bK eo cvc-c‡¶i Øvi Ly‡j w`‡Z| ÑUgvm GWIqvW©

· eB n‡”Q †kªô AvZ¥xq, hvi m‡½ †Kvb w`b SMov nq bv, †Kvb w`b gbgvwjb¨ nq bv|

ÑcÖwZfv emy

· wZbRb wek¦vmx eÜzi Dci wbf©i Kiv hvq h_vÑ A‡bK w`‡bi we‡q Kiv ¯¿x, cyiv‡bv †cvlv KzKzi Ges bM` Rgv UvKv| Ñ d«v¼wjb|

· avwg©K ¯¿x gvby‡li me©v‡c¶v g~j¨evb iZœ| Ñ Avj-nv`xm|

wewea (bvixi e„Ëvš—)

Ônvq‡i RwUj bvix

Zv‡i wPb‡Z bv cvwi

‡`wL bv †Póv K‡i

wK j¶Y ZvnvwiÕ

· †h †g‡q‡`i å“ aby‡Ki gZ gvSLv‡b euvKv †QvU †QvU †jvg w`‡q MwVZ Zviv myj¶Yv nq|

· ‡h bvixi †PvL nvwZi †Pv‡Li gZ nq ZvivB Aj¶Yv nq|

· ‡h me †g‡q‡`i gv_vi Pzj mvgvb¨ †KvKov‡bv Ges Kv‡jv Zviv †mvfvM¨eZx nq|

· cvqivi †Pv‡Li gZ †PvL n‡j bvixiv wPi`ytLx nq|

· bxPz Kcv‡ji †g‡qiv `wi`ª nq Ges †hme †g‡qi Kcv‡j MZ© _v‡K Zviv e¨wfPvwiYx nq|

· ‡h †g‡qi nvwmi mgq Mv‡j MZ© c‡o Zviv †`L‡Z fvj g‡b n‡jI g›` ¯^fv‡ei nq|

· nvwmi mgq †h bvixi `uvZ †ei nq bv Zviv fvM¨eZx nq|

· wb‡Ri ¯^v‡_© mvgvb¨ AvNvZ NU‡jB hvi AkÖ“ S‡i †m bvix AZ¨š— ¯^v_©ci nq|

· K_vq K_vq Kvi‡Y-AKvi‡Y †h bvixi AkÖ“cvZ nq †m bvix cÖZviK nq|

· ‡h bvixi nuvUvi mgq cv‡qi Kwbôv A½yjx f~wg ¯úk© K‡i bv †m bvix wØ-PvwiYx nq|

· ‡h †g‡qi cv‡qi ey‡ov Av½y‡ji cv‡ki Av½yjwU eo Zviv mij g‡bi nq|

· ‡h †g‡q‡`i cuv wø× I mgvb Zviv c„w_ex‡Z KxwZ©gq I bvg Kiv bvix nq|

j¶Y ¸‡jv msM„nxZ

wbiÄbwek¦ kg©v

†ivj : 70

iwdK mv‡ne Zuvi †QvU †Q‡j‡K wb‡q `uvZ gvR‡Z wM‡q †`‡Lb eªvk †eRvq k³| wPwš—Z gy‡L †Q‡j‡K wR‡Ám K‡ib, mKv‡jB †Zv eªvkUv big †i‡L †Mjvg, GLb GZ k³ jvM‡Q †Kb, ej †Zv? †Q‡ji SU&cU& Reve, wVKB ejQ evev, `ycyi ch©š— Rvbvjvq is Kivi mgq I †ek bigB wQ‡jv IUv|

msMÖ‡n- kvš—kªx `Ë

†ivj bs : 196

‡Q‡j evsjv cix¶v w`‡q evmvq wd‡i‡Q, evev cÖkœ nv‡Z wb‡q †`L‡jb Mi“ m¤^‡Ü iPbv G‡m‡Q|

evev : wK‡i Mi“ m¤^‡Ü iPbv wj‡LwQm †Zv|

‡Q‡j : bv evev, Z‡e Mi“i Qwe G‡K w`‡qwQ|

evev : Zvn‡j ‡Zv wk¶K †Zv‡K †Kvb b¤^i w`‡eb bv IUv †K‡U w`‡eb|

‡Q‡j : KvU‡eb bv evev, Avgv‡`i evsjv wk¶K †h wn›`y| wn›`y a‡g© †Mv nZ¨v gnvcvc|

1g eÜz : GB, H †g‡qwU Kv‡b Kg ï‡b|

2q eÜz : ZzB wKfv‡e eySwj ?

1g eÜz : Avwg †g‡qwU‡K ejjvg, Avwg †Zvgv‡K fv‡jvevwm| †g‡qwU Avgv‡K ejj Avgvi cv‡qi RyZv k³ I gReyZ|

msMÖ‡n

wkíx ivYx `vm

†ivj bs 41

6. `yB e¨w³ iv¯—v w`‡q †nu‡U hv‡”Q|

Zvi g‡a¨ Ñ

1g e¨w³ : Avcbvi bvg wK ?

2q e¨w³ : wMixm|

1g e¨w³ : Avcbvi e¨v‡M wK ?

2q e¨w³ : Bwjk|

1g e¨w³ : fvB Avcwb K‡ib wK ?

2q e¨w³ : cywjk|

1g e¨w³ : fvB Avcwb GKwU wRwbm|

· Bs‡iRx fvlvi K¬vm †bqvi Rb¨ wk¶K K¬vmi“‡g XyK‡jb| QvÎiv `uvwo‡q Zuv‡K m¤§vb Rvbv‡jv| wk¶K †Pqv‡i e‡m R‰bK Qv‡Îi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖkœ Ki‡jb Ñ

wk¶K : †Zvgvi evevi bvg Bs‡iRx‡Z ej|

QvÎ : Butter Red Government .

wk¶K : Gi gv‡b wK ?

QvÎ : m¨vi Gi evsjv A_© Ki‡j Avgvi evevi bvg nq, gvLb jvj miKvi|

msMÖ‡n- nvwjgv Av³vi

‡ivj bs : 25

GKRb f`ª gwnjv wm‡bgv n‡ji g¨v‡bRvi‡K †Uwj‡dv‡b ejj, GB mßv‡n wK Qwe Pj‡Q ?

g¨v‡bRvi :

f`ªgwnjv : (†i‡M) BwW‡qU|

g¨v‡bRvi : GUv MZ mßv‡n P‡jwQj|

f`ªgwnjv : ev÷vW©|

g¨v‡bRvi : GUv mvg‡bi mßv‡n Pj‡e|

f`ªgwnjv : †eqv`e|

g¨v‡bRvi : GUv GL‡bv gyw³ cvqwb|

‡gvt dqQj Kwei Avng`

‡ivj bsÑ 31

GKRb QvÎ MÖvg †_‡K G‡m kn‡ii ¯‹z‡j †g gv‡mi 31 ZvwiL fwZ© nq| wk¶K K¬v‡m, GB mgq Kvgvj bv‡g GKRb QvÎ K¬v‡m †`wi‡Z G‡m ejjÑ

wigb : May I coming sir ?

m¨vi : Yes coming .

Zvi ci w`b Ryb gv‡mi 1 ZvwiL| MÖvg †_‡K Avmv QvÎwU †mw`b K¬v‡m †`wi‡Z G‡m ejj-

MÖv‡gi QvÎ : June I coming sir ?

m¨vi : Zzwg June I coming sir ? ej‡j †Kb ?

MÖv‡gi QvÎ : †Kb m¨vi MZKvj H †Q‡jwU May I coming sir ? e‡jwQj| AvR †Zv Ryb gvm m¨vi|

‡gvt dqQj Kwei Avng`

‡ivj bsÑ 31

wk¶K : ej‡Zv PvbvPzi Gi Bs‡iRx wK ?

QvÎ : Tea+No+Thief .

wk¶K : Sky A_© wK ?

QvÎ : AvKvQ|

wk¶K : Air A_© wK ?

QvÎ : evZvQ|

m¨vi : GUv Zv‡`i Af©¨vQ|

AwWUi : mve©vQ, mve©vQ|

‡gvt dqQj Kwei Avng`

‡ivj bsÑ 31

10.

Bs‡iR f`ª‡jvK : GKwU wRwb‡mi w`‡K Bkviv K‡i ej‡jb- How much ?

‡`vKvb`vi : bv bv GUv gvQ bv, GUv mvevb|

Bs‡iR : Ok .

‡`vKvb`vi : †m Avgvi fvwZRv|

Bs‡iR : Thank you .

‡`vKvb`vi : Avgvi †`vKv‡b U¨vsM bvB Z‡e wmwfUv Av‡Q|

‡gvt dqQj Kwei Avng`

‡ivj bsÑ 31

8| fv‡jvevmvi wbe©vm‡b

wb‡Ri mv‡_ wbZ¨ Kwi g¯— cÖZviYv

wb‡Ri gb‡K wg‡_¨ ‡evSvB Kwi Qjbv

`ytL Kó jvjb K‡i e¨_vi Agwbevm

AvZ¥‡fvjv wb‡e©va Avwg wb‡Ri Kwi me©bvk

c‡j c‡j AvZ¥nZ¨v fvwebv‡Zv Abycj

fvjevmvi wbe©vm‡b ü`q cy‡o ‡Zvlvbj mv_x ivYx †`

‡ivj bsÑ 51

KweZv¸”Q

G‡jv e„wó

mvbwR`v gviRvb wjbv

‡ivj bs Ñ 09

G‡mv e„wó Avwg i‡qwQ †Zvgvi cÖZx¶vq

‡Zvgvi †`qv kxZj cik gvL‡ev mviv Mvq|

‡Zvgvi ci‡k Ryov‡e Avgvi cÖvY

Zzwg, Avwg wg‡j MvBe †cÖ‡gi Mvb|

mv‡_ _vK‡e †Zvgvi wigwSg kã

Avi K`g dz‡ji cvMj Kiv iƒc

hvi ci‡k Zzwg n‡q I‡Vv AviI †ewk Aciƒc|

Avwg c_ †P‡q e‡m AvwQ e„wó Zzwg Avm‡e e‡j

‡`wi Ki bv I e„wó Gevi Zzwg G‡mv P‡j|

ÔÔAmgvßÕÕ

wkevbx ivYx †Nvl

‡ivjÑ93

GKw`b GB gyL

Avgv‡K `uvo Kwi‡q w`‡qwQj c~e©vP‡j|

GKw`b GB ¯^i

Avgv‡K KÚ w`‡qwQj KweZvi|

GKw`b GB ¯úk©

Avgv‡K wkniY w`‡qwQj AsKz‡iv`M‡gi|

GLb ? GKw`‡K Avwg †Zvgvi †_‡K `~i‡Z¡

Ab¨w`‡K Avwg †Zvgvi AwZ ‰bK‡U¨|

Nyg Ges †R‡M _vKv

`~iZ¡ Ges ˆbKU¨

GB ‰ecixZ¨ Ges ms‡k‡li g‡a¨B,

Avevi Zzwg n‡e GKwU wcÖq gyL|

Avevi Zzwg n‡e KweZvi ¯^i|

hv-B †nvK

‡gvt dqQj Kwei Avng`

‡ivj bsÑ 31

bvg Zvi hv-B †nvK

Avãyj nvB †nvK

gš¿xi fvB †nvK

A_ev bvB †nvK

‡nvK i¨vgÑk¨vg,

Kv‡iv mv‡_ K‡i hw`

‡Kvb †cÖgÑU¨vg,

Zvn‡j, n‡q hv‡e gnv M¨vbRvg

gvi †L‡q fy‡j hv‡e

AveŸvi bvg|

Îvm-mš¿vm †nvK

Gikv` wkK`vi †nvK

‡nvK †Kvb ¸Ûv

_vài †g‡i Zv‡i

K‡i †`e VvÛv|

Lvq hw` mv`v Ri

Pvq hw` UjUj

‡nvK †m wWdRj,

jvw_ †g‡i Zv‡i Avwg

‡WªB‡bi bvjv w`‡q

Wyeve AbM©j|

evsjv fvlv

‡ivRx †eMg

‡ivj bs- 47

evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl †gviv

evsjv †gv‡`i fvlv

G fvlv‡ZB wj‡L c‡o

eo nevi Avkv|

GB Kvi‡Y Avgiv mevB

evsjv fvjevwm

‡h †`‡k‡ZB hvB bv †Kb

evsjvq wd‡i Avwm|

GKwU dzj †Mvjvc

mvwKiv †eMg

‡ivjÑ 181

‡Mvjvc Zzwg GZ my›`i †Kb ?

Rxe‡bi †cÖg Av‡Q e‡j|

‡Mvjvc †Zvgvi Mv‡q KuvUv †Kb ?

‡cÖg hš¿Yv Av‡Q e‡j|

‡Mvjvc †Zvgvi gZ Ab¨ †Kvb-

dz‡j KuvUv †bB †Kb ?

wKQy †cÖ‡g hš¿Yv †bB e‡j|

‡Mvjvc Zywg wb‡¯—R n‡q co †Kb ?

‡hŠeb fvwU nq e‡j|

‡Mvjvc Zzwg S‡i co †Kb ?

weavZvi wbqg gvb‡Z nq e‡j|

wcÖq evsjv‡`k

‡gvQv : wcqvi“b †bQv kv¤§x

‡ivj bsÑ 125

mey‡Ri Kíbvq RvMÖZ †`k

i‡³-iw½b msMÖv‡gi wPý AuvKv;

‡m Avgvi wcÖqfywg evsjv‡`k|

c‡_ c‡_ aywjKYv cw_‡Ki Mv‡q †g‡L

Rvb‡Z Pvq ggZvq ï×Zv

‡h c_ †`k‡K Rv‡b

Rv‡b bv †MÖ‡bW i³Ñwe‡ùvi‡Yi †Ljv

RbZvi †Kvjvn‡j wejxb †m c_;

i‡½i Avjcbvq mvRv‡bv

‡m Avgvi wcÖq evsjvi †g‡Vvc_|

Kíbvq AuvKv hvi Qwe

jvjÑmey‡Ri GK RvMÖZ †cKvW©

Kv‡j Kv‡j †h meyR i‡³-i‡½ weeY© eyK

‡m Avgvi wcÖq evsjvi cZvKv|

m~‡h©v`q †_‡K m~h©v¯—;

Doš— cZvKvq ¯^cœ‡`v‡j

GKwU †mvbvi †`k

K‡e Avi n‡e Zv

‡m Avgvi wcÖq evsjv‡`k|

¯^cœ

‡Rmwgb Av³vi

†ivj bs- 200

GB Avwg ¯^cœ †`wL

iv‡Z bq; w`‡b,

Nywg‡q bq; †R‡M,

wSwg‡q bq; cÖZ¨‡qi mv‡_|

G wek¦‡K bZzb iƒ‡c †`Lvi,

‡hLv‡b _vK‡e bv nvbvnvwb Avi KvbvKvwb

evû‡Z evû‡Z `jv`wj ïay _vK‡e AK…wÎg †KvjvKzwj|

Mix‡ei MÖvm, K‡i Îvm

n‡e bv †KD eo‡jvK,

`ybxwZ bvgK H AwcÖq kãUvi n‡e bv GK`g cÖ‡qvM,

ivRbxwZ‡Z †KD LyR‡ebv Profit e¨vemvqxi g‡Zv,

gvbeZv Avi gvbevwaKvi cÖwZôv KivB n‡e eªZ|

wk¶v½‡b PP©v n‡e

gy³ Ávb weKv‡k,Ñ

mKj Awbqg Avi `ybxwZ †_‡K wb‡R‡K gy³ ivLe|

Avgjv †_‡K Kvgjv, cÖfy †_‡K PvKi

mv`v Avi Kvj, eY©, RvZ, a‡g©

n‡e bv †f`v‡f`|

mevi Dc‡i Avgiv gvbyl

GB ¯^cœ †`L‡Z,

Kwi bv †hb †Kvb †eva ‡K¬k|

ÔÔwe`vqÕÕ

‡gvQv¤§r Avwe`v myjZvbv

‡ivj bsÑ 115

Rxe‡bi †Ljv dzwi‡q G‡m‡Q

Avwg AvR P‡j hvB|

`~i n‡Z †hb ‡Zvgvi AuvwLi

‡kl BkvivwU cvB|

Pjvi c‡_ P‡jwQ Avwg

wdwievi c‡_ bq|

ARvbv RMr KuvUv fiv c_

g‡b Rv‡M eo fq|

‡Pbv c„w_ex‡K fy‡j †h‡Z ‡gvi

g‡b jv‡M eo gvqv|

‡mLv‡b wK Av‡Q c„w_exi gZ

b`x eb Zi“jZv ?

Av‡Q wK †mLv‡b cvwLi Kjie ?

Av‡Q wK cvwLi Mvb ?

Av‡Q wK †mLv‡b †cÖwg‡Ki mv‡_

‡cÖwgKvi Awfgvb ?

hvevi †ejv c„w_exi cv‡b

ev‡i ev‡i wd‡i PvB|

mviv Rb‡gi mv‡ai c„w_ex

‡Kg‡b †dwjqv hvB|

ivm~j gynv¤§` (mt)

†gvt eyinvb DwÏb

‡ivj bsÑ 155

myL¨vwZi IB kxl©wk‡i D‡VwQ‡jb †gv‡`i bex

gvbe ¸‡Yi c~Y©Zvq wZwb aivi a¨v‡bi Qwe|

Pwi‡Îi gvaywigvq Rywo Zvi bvB‡Kv †Kv_vI

Zuvi b~‡ii ‡iŠkbx‡Z RgvU Auvavi nj DavI|

Avmyb †mB bexi ÔÔc‡i Avgiv mevB `yi“` cwoÕÕ

Zuvi Rxe‡bi Av‡jv‡K‡Z Avgiv †gv‡`i Rxeb Mwo|

me bex‡`i Av‡M Rvwb m„wRqv‡Q cÖfy †Zvgvq

mevi †k‡l AvMgb Ze G aiYxi a~mi a~jvq|

Lv‡Zgyb bex Zzwg, cik †Zvgvq †c‡qwQ †h

mevi †k‡l G‡m‡Qv my`yi n‡Z G‡m‡Qv †h|

G †`k

bvg : mv‡n`v Lvbg

‡ivj bs- 178

meyR k¨vg‡j fiv

Avgv‡`i G evsjv‡`k,

G †`‡kiB iƒ‡ci K_v

hvq bv ejv †kl,

G †`‡kiB AvKv‡k‡Z

D‡o kZ cvwL,

G †`‡kiB iƒ‡c mevi

Ryovq `yÕwU AuvwL,

G ‡`‡kiB gv‡V gv‡V

‡mvbvi dmj d‡j,

G †`‡kiB iƒ‡ci K_v

me †jv‡Kiv e‡j,

G †`‡ki gvwU ‡i fvB

‡mvbvi ‡P‡qI LuvwU

G †`k n‡”Q †i fvB

Kwe †jL‡Ki NvwU|,

G ‡`‡kB i‡q‡Q †gv‡`i

c„w_exi †miv myL,

G †`‡kB R‡b¥wQ e‡j

M‡e© fiv eyK \

PvB aygcvbgy³ Rxeb

‡gvt kwn`yj Bmjvg

‡ivj bs- 142

‡h dzj dzU‡Z wM‡q gyKz‡jB S‡i,

Rxeb exYvi Zvi wQu‡o Abv`‡i|

cÖ`xc wb‡f hvq evqyi †Quvqvq,

mRxe cÖvY Kuv‡` k~b¨ cvZvq|

‡Ku‡` †Ku‡` cÖvY cvwL gi‡Yi my‡i,

VuvB wb‡Z Pvq †m c„w_exi †Wv‡i|

‡R‡b ï‡b wbR nv‡Z cÖvY gw›`‡i,

Av¸b awi‡q †`q g‡biB N‡i|

welcvb K‡i hviv k‡Li e‡j

giY‡Zv nq Zv‡`i me©bv‡k|

wel †Q‡o nI m‡e nI m‡PZb,

M‡o †Zvj mK‡jB my›`i Rxeb \

Av‡jvi DËv‡c

bvg t kvnve DwÏb

‡ivj bsÑ 129

ZzwgI wgwQ‡j _v‡Kv mvn‡mi wf‡o

ZzwgI _v‡Kv mg‡i, cÖkvwš—i bx‡o

mgy`ª-muvZv‡i Zzwg AwePj _v‡Kv,

k¼vi So-evqy evg cv‡k iv‡Lv|

hviv P‡j‡Q cÖvš—i GB c_ a‡i

ZvivB †Zv cÖ`x‡ci Pvicvk †Nv‡i

S‡oi m¤§y‡L hviv Av‡Q Pjgvb,

ZzwgI Zv‡`i mv‡_ _v‡Kv engvb|

Zzwg wK ïb‡Z cvI mvM‡ii WvK ?

Z‡e †Kb w¯’i ZzwgÑnZvk wbe©vK ?

ZzwgI GwM‡q P‡jv nvIqvi Av‡M,

‡R‡M D‡Uv wb`ªv K‡iv Av‡jvi DËv‡c|

wc.wU.AvB Gi nvjPvj

kvgxgv ingvb Szgy

‡ivj bsÑ 56 (1g wkd&U)

Avgiv wc.wU.AvB Gi KÕRbv

K, L, M wg‡j wZb kvLv,

me gRv †L‡j hvq KÕ kvLv‡Z

G‡K Ac‡ii mgv‡jvPbv‡Z|

Avgiv wZbRbv _vwK wbw®Œq n‡q

mevi mv‡_ ewj K_v cÖ‡qvRb n‡j|

‡KD e‡j wbie cvU©x

Avgiv Zv‡`i ewj †g›`v cvU©x|

BÝUªv±i `xcsKi †gvnš—

m¨vi †Zv †hb Rxeš— mvwnZ¨|

AcÖZ¨vwkZ wm.Bb.GZ †Kv‡m© G‡m

KvU‡Q mgq †ek `ywðš—vnxb fv‡e|

GKgvm †K‡U †Mj cÖwZfv A‡š^l‡Y

wKQy cov, wKQy †Ljv, wKQy nvwm Mv‡b|

cieZ©x‡Z wK n‡e mgq e‡j †`‡e

GK eQi KvUv‡ev ‡gviv my‡L Avi `yt‡L \

Aciƒcv

mÄq Kzgvi `vm

‡ivj bsÑ 35

Zzwg wK †m Aciƒcv ?

hv‡K wb‡q Avwg ¯^cœ †`LwQ|

Zzwg wK †mB Abb¨v ?

hv‡K wb‡q Avwg KweZv wjLwQ|

Zzwg wK †mB bxwjgv ?

hv‡K wb‡q Avwg †eu‡P AvwQ|

Zzwg wK †mB †RvQbv ?

hv‡K wb‡q Avwg c_ PjwQ|

Zzwg wK †mB AcivwRZv ?

hv‡K wb‡q Avwg Mí ejwQ|

Rvwb, Zzwg KL‡bv Avm‡e bv,

ZeyI c_ †P‡q _vwK|

Zzwg, my‡L †_‡Kv, my‡L †_‡Kv,

my‡L †_‡Kv, Aciƒcv|

LyKzi weovj Qvbv

cÖg‡_k `Ë

‡ivj bsÑ 40

‡QvU LyKzi weovj Qvbv

nvjyg ûjyg Ki‡e Zv-bv,

R¨vš— B`uyi ai‡e Zv-bv

D‡ëv wb‡RB f‡qi †Pv‡U

wcuc‡o †`‡L AvuZ‡K I‡V|

Mv‡Qi Wv‡j †`L‡e dwos

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Junad Ahmed

Roll No-160

English Language and Primary Education

There are lots of language all over the world but some of them are international language. Every person have his own language, which he got by born of a nation, so we can say it is his first language. English is an International Language and Bangla as well. A little bit language have all over the world which is continue man to man. English is one of the most Important Language of them. No body can visit the World without English.

Now we can look to our country which language are following our people. Bangla language is of Course but English is next because English is our Second language. We know that it is regarded as foreign language in

Bangladesh

. It played a very important role in our national life from the British period. It was the main medium of education, administration and commerce, and was of vital importance throughout the country because of its necessity in both international and internal correspondence. As a result English was then a compulsory subject at the secondary and higher secondary levels. After the liberation period we introduced English as a compulsory subject from class I in 1992. This was done because Students need to have foundation in English for further education. We can keep a balance between English medium schools/kindergarten schools and Primary schools.

But what is happening in our Primary education, our primary Education mainly starts from 1 to 5. and English book are complstely design by English to English which reelects that student must be learn English in primary level but we are looking unfortunately direct inverse. But why? if we gone to take answer we can see that 99% teacher using Bangla language in English Class and teacher not using English for specking because of teachers weakness in English Language. Where as no need to use difficult English for classroom language and without some other basic English. In fact, after the completion of primary level, students are not always confident users of English. It means most of them find difficulty in expressing their ideas by writing and speaking in English and get information by listening and reading to meet their everyday needs. This is just Because of memorization of the text to pass the examination. Actually, in an English class most teachers use English just to practice the textbook exercise. That is why students are not exposed to more English to practice their language skills. In addition, they arc often not motivated to use English in their daily lives.

Now it is the time to over come such a problem for every primary teacher, firstly teacher should know at lest Basic language skill which is very need to classroom and make understand to student. Secondly need to English Environment in English Class. Thirdly to continue pick up the process. It is possible when teachers will be motivated to his duty specially for his English Class, and follow these rules "Think big start small and act now" So it is very essential for us to reach the destination.

After that our primary education will be develop undoubtedly.

How to be a good teacher

Md. Shahinur Reza

Roll No-182

A good teacher inspires, encourages students to learn, makes lessons fun and commands respect by their own example. They are able to set and keep to behavior rules when in the classroom, they encourage a respect for each other in the students and above all, they encourage students to follow their passion for a subject.

There is nothing quite so satisfying when, after a hard day's work when students and you have worked really hard, students come to you and thank you at the end of a lesson. For a teacher, this is the best feed back you can have, to know that you have encouraged your students, that they have enjoyed learning even though they have perhaps found it difficult, but go away feeling very positive, confident and keen to come to the next class.

Being a good teacher takes skills and time. Even a highly knowledgeable teacher is not necessarily a good one. You need to firstly understand what your students need from you. Do they need instruction in the basics of a subject or do they need direction and encouragement in their own studies? A good teacher will give them ideas which they can use to further their knowledge, they will also teach students the value of a subject and that most subjects are not just valuable while you are learning a syllabus but can be applied outside the confines of school or college and will be important in other aspects of their lives.

To be a good teacher, you need to be organized, have a passion for your subject, care about your students and how they learn and understand each one's needs and you need to love your subject and the job you do.

As a teacher, you know when you have got something right when that moment comes and you take a moment to sit back and watch your class of students working. There will be a pleasant, low hum as they discuss the subject, carry out exercises together and increase their learning skills in a subject. There will be lots of smiles, the odd curiosity facial expression as they work something out and every so often a hand will pop up to ask for guidance.

Encouraging students to ask questions is a good idea because quite often the one who asks the question will simply be voicing what other students want. Active participation and questioning linked to the teaching should be encouraged.

A good teacher will make the students take proprietarih/ control over their studies and feel the subject is intriguing and offers them very positive rewards for their efforts.

Praise when needed and constructive criticism, always with the student's needs and ability in mind, are keys to a good teacher. Above all, a good teacher has respect for themselves, the college or school and is passionate and respectful of the subject. They will always be adding to their own knowledge to keep the subject fresh and vibrant for teaching it- a bored teacher is a poor teacher so a good one is always learning new things. A good teacher knows they are in possibly the best job in the world.

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Education and national development

Piklu Roy

Roll no-73

Education is the fundamental rights for everybody No nation can be prosperous without education. So the light of education is very essential for our national development. The more a country is developed in education, the more affluent it is.

We know that

Bangladesh

is a populous country. Most of the people are uneducated in this country. Ignorance is similar to darkness. Once a famous writer remarked “There is nothing so costly as ignorance, nothing so cheap as Knowledge”. Actually uneducated people are the burden for the society. This uneducated people neither read nor write. They have no proper knowledge of the rules of health and sanitation. Thy don’t know how to judgement anything. These uneducated people don’t know how to apply scientific methods in cultivation.

Bangladesh

is mainly an agricultural country. But they don’t produce proper crops for ignorance. These people are very unconscious. They have no proper idea about science and technology, internet, globalization, manpower etc.

In that circumstances, I think education is the key to national development. It is a matter of joy that our government has taken some steps for the development of the education. It is also duty of every educated citizen and student to help in this matter.

A Language All communication

Our Beautiful World

“Globalization” has become a buzzword in the new era of international relations With this development of hi teach communication media and rapid transportation facilities, the world has has come closer Countries of the world are like families in a village They can even share their joys and sorrows like next door neighbors.

The process of globalization obviously requires a common language for international communication for many different reasons. English has achieved the prestige of being that language. As a result it has crossed national borders to reach people who speak other languages World English has now moved away from the control of its native speakers

But the developing countries as

Bangladesh

use this global language as a forging language For Bangladeshi people English is too hard to use. So for living the global village we must have the capability to use English appropriately in various situations

To have a good command in English we must have the curiosity to learn about the language. So we should develop our communicative competence. There are two ways of improving communicative competence in a language. The first is acquisition, which is similar to the way we develop our mother language naturally. It is an unconcerned process. In non technical terms acquisition is ‘picking up’ a language spontaneously. On the other hand the second way is learning conseionsly. This is indicate a language theough it’s rules. It is called ‘explicit’ learning non-technically. Language specialists believe that-“For English, acquisition is more effective and long-lasting than learning”.

Statisties show that about 350 million people speak English as a first language and other 300 million use it as second language. For other percentage, it is used as a forgein language. It is the official semi official language in more then 60 countries or of many international organizations. English helps to keep the worlds communication. Now a days, more than 80% information of computer in English. So people who work with computer need to be able to use English computenly.

So it is high time for us to learning English. It is not so easy for beginners. For have a good command in English, we can try to develop the four basic skills to learning a language. They are- listening, speaking, reading and writ thing. In various way we can try to develop these skills, I have some quick tips for the English learners:-

# Help other and get others help to learn English.

# Communicate in English as much and as long as possible.

# Think, why you need English and concentrate on studying what is most useful for you.

# Read as much as possible everyday.

# Write one page of English everyday.

#Keep as English language notebook.

# Listen to English (e.g.-B.B.C English) everyday.

# Check your errors and keep a record of them.

# Use E-mail to chat in English.

# Make a friends group and speak English with them.

In this world of communicative media English is vital needed for conversation. Wherever you go, whatever you do, need English in every spare of life every bit of your breath.

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প্রয়াস ২০১০ (২য় শিফট)

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